Nigute ushobora kumenya film ya PE na PVC muburyo busanzwe cyangwa burimunsi?
Icyo urimo gushaka ni ikizamini cya Beilstein.Igena ahari PVC muguhitamo chlorine.Ukeneye itara rya propane (cyangwa Bunsen burner) hamwe ninsinga y'umuringa.Umugozi wumuringa ubwawo urashya neza ariko iyo uhujwe nibikoresho birimo chlorine (PVC) byaka icyatsi.Shyushya umugozi wumuringa hejuru yumuriro (koresha pliers kugirango wirinde kandi ukoreshe insinga ndende) kugirango ukureho ibisigara udashaka.Kanda insinga zishyushye kurugero rwa plastike yawe kugirango bimwe bishonge kumurongo hanyuma usimbuze insinga itwikiriye plastike kumuriro hanyuma urebe icyatsi kibisi.Niba yaka icyatsi kibisi, ufite PVC.
Hanyuma, PE yaka impumuro nziza nko gutwika ibishashara mugihe PVC ifite impumuro mbi yimiti kandi ikazimya ako kanya imaze gukuramo umuriro.
“Ese polyethylene irasa na PVC?”Oya.
Polyethylene nta chlorine ifite muri molekile, PVC irakora.PVC ifite chlorine yasimbuwe na polyvinyl, polyethylene ntabwo.PVC isanzwe irakomeye kuruta polyethylene.CPVC ndetse birenze.PVC isohora ibice mumazi mugihe cyuburozi, polyethylene ntabwo.PVC iturika munsi yumuvuduko ukabije (ntabwo rero ikwiranye no guhumeka ikirere gikonje), polyethylene ntabwo.
Byombi ni plastiki yubushyuhe.
PVC ni polyethylene?
PVC, cyangwa polyvinyl chloride, ni polyethylene isimbuwe.Ibi bivuze ko izindi karubone zose zumunyururu zifite chlorine imwe ifatanye wongeyeho hydrogène, aho kuba hydrogène ebyiri zisanzwe ziboneka kuri polyethylene.
Niki plastiki ya polyethylene ikozwe?
Ethylene
Polyethylene (PE), urumuri, ibintu byinshi bya sintetike ikozwe muri polymerisation ya Ethylene.Polyethylene ni umwe mu bagize umuryango wingenzi wa polyolefin.
Umusaraba uhuza polyethylene ni iki?
Polyethylene ni hydrocarubone y'urunigi rurerure ikorwa no guhuza urukurikirane rwa molekile ya Ethylene mubitekerezo bizwi nka polymerisation.Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyobora iyi polymerisation.
Niba ikoreshwa rya Ti rishingiye ku budahangarwa (Ziegler polymerisation), imiterere yimyitwarire iroroshye kandi polymer yavuyemo iri muburyo bwiminyururu ndende ya hydrocarubone yuzuye cyane kandi idahagije (amatsinda atuzuye -CH = CH2) haba mubice y'umunyururu cyangwa nk'itsinda rimanikwa.Iki gicuruzwa cyitwa Polyethylene (HDPE).Ndetse iyo abafatanyabikorwa nka 1-butene barimo, urwego rwo kudahaza muri polymer zavuyemo (LLDPE) ni nto.
Niba Chromium Oxide ishingiye kuri catalizike ikoreshwa, hongeye kubaho iminyururu miremire ya hydrocarubone, ariko urwego runaka rudahagije.Ubundi na none iyi ni HDPE, ariko hamwe nishami rirerire.
Niba radical yatangijwe na polymerisiyasi ikorwa, hari amahirwe kumurongo yombi muremure-muminyururu muri polymer, kimwe ningingo nyinshi zamatsinda adahagije -CH = CH2 mubice byumunyururu.Iyi resin izwi nka LDPE.Benshi mu bafatanyabikorwa nka vinyl acetate, 1-butene na diène barashobora kwinjizwa kugirango bahindure kandi bakore urunigi rwa hydrocarubone, kandi banashyiremo kutuzura kwinshi mumatsinda yimanitse.
LDPE, kubera urwego rwayo rwo hejuru rwibintu bidahagije, nibyingenzi kugirango bihuze.Ninzira ibaho nyuma yumurongo wambere wa polymer wateguwe.Iyo LDPE ivanze nubushakashatsi bwihariye bwubusa bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru, burahuza iminyururu itandukanye binyuze muri "guhuza" binyuze.iminyururu y'uruhande idahagije.Ibi bivamo urwego rwa gatatu (imiterere-3 yimiterere) irushijeho gukomera.
Imyitozo ihuza abantu ikoreshwa "gushiraho" imiterere yihariye, haba nk'ikomeye cyangwa nk'ifuro, itangirana na polymer yoroheje, ikoreshwa byoroshye.Inzira nkiyi yo guhuza ikoreshwa muri "vulcanisation" ya reberi, aho polymer yumurongo ikozwe muri isoprene polymerisation ikozwe muburyo bukomeye bwa 3-ukoresheje sulfure (S8) nkumukozi wo guhuza iminyururu itandukanye.Urwego rwo guhuza rushobora kugenzurwa kugirango utange intego zihariye kumiterere ya polymer yavuyemo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-11-2022